Day: April 1, 2020

The social composition of early Congress leadership The social base of the early Congress was unmistakably narrow. It had uneven representation and total exclusion of non-elite groups of Indian society. The Composition of the delegates at the first congress reflected the changing patterns of organised political life in India, the western educated professional groups gradually […]

Factors leading to the birth of Indian Nationalism As the British extended their empire over India, there was a feeling of resentment amongst the people which was very sullen. It was based on their perception that the new rulers were responsible for their economic hardship. They also felt that they were being looked down upon […]

De-industrialisation and Decline of traditional crafts Indian handicraft industries, at the beginning of British rule in the mid-eighteenth century used to supply about a quarter of all manufactured goods produced in the world. The decline of traditional industries was the product of the establishment of British rule in India. While western countries were witnessing industrialisation […]

The beginning of revolutionary extremism in India Sumit Sarkar has identified four major trends in Swadeshi Movement, namely, Moderate trend, Constructive swadeshi, Political extremism and Revolutionary extremism. Revolutionary extremism: So far as Bengal was concerned, by 1908, political swadeshi was certainly on the decline and was taken over by another trend, i.e., individual terrorism against […]