Q. Identify the following places marked on the map and write a short note of about 30 words on each of them in your Answer sheet. Locational hints for each of the places marked on the map are given below seriatim: [2.5×8= 20 Marks]
(i) Ancient port
Tamralipti
- In Tamluk near the mouth of the Ganges in Midnapur district of West Bengal.
- Emporium of trade.
- Connected to Taxila by land and river on one hand and with south-east Asia by sea on the other.
- Antiquities of Chalcolithic period and NBPW phase found.
- Discovery of Roulette ware and red polished ware of Roman type indicates the trade contact with Roman.
- Urban character is proved by discovery of terracotta figurines, coins, beads or semi-precious stones etc.
(ii) Painted Grey Ware site
Atranjikhera
- In Etah district, Uttar Pradesh.
- 3 Stages: OCP, BRW, PGW, NBPW
- From village to town.
- Habitation:
- Mud houses with wooden posts.
- Wattle-and-daub houses.
- Later on, mud brick
- Agriculture:
- Evidence of wheat, barley, gram etc.
- Two crops a year.
- Agricultural implements found.
- Agriculture tools of iron first came in NBPW.
- Bone and ivory tools like arrowhead, beads, comb, bangle etc found.
- Horse remains found.
(iii) Megalithic site
Adichanallur
- In Tuticorin District, Tamil Nadu.
- Urn burial site. Earthenware urns.
- Bronze objects, iron objects, potsherds.
- Skeletal remains inside the urns are in crouched position.
- Two examples of double burial.
- Pottery:
- BRW, red ware and black ware.
- Graffiti on pottery.
- Iron implements:- arrowheads, spearheads and axe.
- Copper ornaments found.
- Rice husk and cloth impression on Iron sword.
- A potter’s kiln (industrial activity) found in habitational site.
(iv) Chalcolithic site
Navdatoli
- In west Nimar district, MP.
- Chalcolithic and Late Harappan Site.
- Navdatoli is the largest settlement of Malwa culture.
- Habitation:
- Circular or rectangular shape.
- Circular wattle-and-daub houses, post holes
- Floors plastered with lime.
- Ancient village inhabited through four stages.
- Chulhas and storage jars found in houses.
- Pottery:
- BRW, grey ware with painted
- Domestication of animals.
- Microliths found.
(v) Ancient education centre
Pushpagiri
- In Jajpur district, Odisha (on Langudi hills).
- Buddhist seat of learning.
- Mentioned in the travelogues of Chinese traveler Huien Tsang.
- Excavation reveals:
- stupas
- Buddhist rock-cut sculptures
- pillars,
- Brahmi inscription,
- terracotta seals and
- NBPW.
(vi) Ancient Cave site
Lakhudiyar
- In Kumaon hills, Uttarakhand.
- Lakhudiyar means one lakh caves.
- Prehistoric paintings.
- human (stick-like forms), hand-linked dancing human
- animal- fox, long-snouted animal, lizard etc.
- geometric patterns, wavy lines, dots
- in white, black and red ochre
- some superimposition of paintings.
(vii) Ancient educational and political centre
Taxila
- In Rawalpindi district, Pakistan.
- Ancient political, commercial and cultural centre.
- Commercial centre:
- At junction of 3 major trade routes: West Asia, northern India and Central Asia.
- Centre of artisanal production.
- Centre of education:
- Amongst the earliest universities.
- Many do not consider it a university as:
- teachers did not have official membership of particular colleges, and
- there was no purpose-built lecture halls and residential quarters, like Nalanda University.
- Charaka, Chanakya, Jivaka, Panini etc are related to Taxila University.
- Political centre:
- Capital of Gandhara satrapy, under Achaemenian.
- Alexander received submission of ruler of Taxila, Ambhi.
- Taxila became a provincial capital of Mauryas.
- Capital of Indo-Parthian Kingdom, and one of the capitals of Kushanas.
- The Chinese pilgrims Fa Hian (5th century) and Hieun Tsang (7th century) visited Taxila. In ruin during Huen Tsang.
(viii) Ancient capital city
Vallabhi
- In Bhavnagar district (Saurashtra), Gujarat.
- Capital of the Maitraka Dynasty (480-775 CE).
- Established by the founder of the dynasty, Senapati Bhatarka.
- Centre of learning, Buddhist monasteries.
- Visited by the Chinese pilgrim Xuanzang and Yijingin 7th century.
- Second Jaina council under Devardhi held in 6th century CE when Jaina scriptures assumed their present form.
NOTE:
- All those enrolled can send their answers for evaluation in PDF format after scanning (you can use any app) on historytestseries2023@gmail.com
- Name your file as your name and day. For example, if your name is Ashok Kumar and you are sending answer of Day 10, Ancient India, your file should be named as AshokKumar_Ancient_Day10
- Answers will be evaluated within 3 days.
- Click here for Solution of all Daily and Weekly Problem Practice Questions for enrolled students.