Q.1 German political unity was grafted on a solid material and cultural foundation. Critically comment. [20 Marks]

Q.2 Do you agree that the process of industrialization in other countries of Europe was different from that of England ? [20 Marks]

Q.3 “As per Kant, the motto of enlightenment is ‘Sapere Aude’ i.e. “Have courage to use your own understanding!”. In the light of this statement, examine different aspects of Kant’s idea of Enlightenment.  [10 Marks]

Q.4 “Crimea war was a fumbling war, probably unnecessary, largely futile, certainly extravagant, but rich with unintended consequences.” Elaborate. [10 Marks]

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