Day: September 14, 2026

Q. “Permanent settlement policy resulted in an unfair distribution of assessment, particularly when there was no survey.” Critically examine. [UPSC- 2026] Ans: The Permanent Settlement of 1793, introduced by Lord Cornwallis in Bengal, Bihar and parts of Orissa, sought to create a stable landed aristocracy and ensure a predictable revenue flow to the East India […]

Q. “Immanuel Kant was an advocate of liberalism and nationalism.” Critically examine. [UPSC- 2026] Ans: Immanuel Kant (1724–1804), one of the foremost thinkers of the European Enlightenment, placed individual autonomy, reason, republican government and universal moral law at the centre of his philosophy. While these ideas made him an important intellectual precursor of modern liberalism, […]

Q. “The Meiji reign (1868–1912) was an epoch making in the industrial history of Japan.” Critically examine. [UPSC- 2026] Ans: The Meiji Restoration of 1868 marked Japan’s transition from a feudal Tokugawa order to a modern, centralised nation-state. Under the slogan “Fukoku Kyohei” — Rich Country, Strong Army, the Meiji state consciously pursued industrialisation to […]

Q. Discuss the core principles and significance of the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation. [UPSC- 2026] Ans: The North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) was established through the Washington Treaty of 1949 as a trans-Atlantic political-military alliance. Its primary objective is to safeguard the freedom and security of its members through political and military means. Its contemporary […]