Day: October 11, 2026

Q. “Awakened political consciousness of Indian masses, bound with dishonourable and cowardly insults of the British led to the movement of Non-Cooperation.” Critically examine. [UPSC- 2023] Ans: The Non-Cooperation Movement (1920–22) was the first all-India mass movement led by Gandhi. It was launched formally at the special Calcutta session of the Congress (September 1920) and […]

Q. Describe the Mansabdari system of Akbar and examine its merits and demerits. अकबर की मनसबदारी प्रणाली का वरर्णन कीजिए तथा उसके गुणों एवं दोषों का परीक्षण कीजिए। [UPPSC- 2000] Ans: The mansabdari system was the backbone of Akbar’s administration and army. The term mansab means “rank” or “position,” and a mansabdar was a holder […]

Q. What efforts were made by Akbar to bring about national integration. How far was he successful? राष्ट्रीय एकता स्थापित करने के लिये अकबर ने क्या प्रयास किये? उसे इसमें कहाँ तक सफलता मिली? [UPPSC- 1996] Ans: The idea of “national integration” in the modern sense did not exist in the 16th century. However, Akbar […]

Q. Analyse the background of the Maratha movement in the seventeenth century. सत्रहंवीं शतावब्दी में मराठा आन्दोलन की पृष्ठभूमि का विश्लेषण कीजिए। [UPPSC- 2001] Ans: In the second half of the 17th century, the Marathas rose under Shivaji (1630–1680) from a group of local chiefs and soldiers in the service of the Deccan sultanates to […]

Q. Role of cash nexus in Mughal economy. Discuss. विवेचना कीजिए: मुगल अर्थव्यवस्था में मौद्रिक सम्बन्धों की भूमिका। [UPPSC- 2011] Ans: The term “cash nexus” refers to a situation in which economic relationships, such as payment of taxes, salaries, wages and trade, are increasingly mediated through money rather than through payments in kind, barter or […]

Q. “The principles of Sikhism represented a harmonious blend of Islamic and Indic religious beliefs and practices.” Comment. [UPSC- 2025] Ans: Sikhism emerged in Punjab in the late 15th and early 16th centuries, through the teachings of Guru Nanak (1469–1539) and the nine Gurus who followed him. Punjab at this time was a meeting point […]