Day: October 11, 2026

Q. To what extent did the role of the Moderates prepare a base for the wider freedom movement? Comment.  नरमपंथियों की भूमिका ने किस सीमा तक व्यापक स्वतंत्रता आंदोलन का आधार तैयार किया? टिपण्णी कीजिए। [UPSC- GS, 2021] Ans: The early phase of the Indian National Congress (1885–1905) was led by the Moderates, including Dadabhai […]

Q. The 1857 Uprising was the culmination the recurrent big and small local rebellions that had occurred in the preceding hundred years of British rule. Elucidate. 1857 का विप्लव ब्रिटिश शासन के पुर्ववर्ती सौ वर्षों में बार-बार घटित छोटे एवं बड़े स्थानीय विद्रोहों का चरमोत्कर्ष था | सुस्पष्ट कीजिए | [UPSC- GS, 2019] Ans: In […]

Q. Examine how the decline of traditional artisanal industry in colonial India crippled the rural economy. [UPSC- GS, 2017] Ans: In pre-colonial India, crafts and agriculture were closely linked in the village economy. Spinning, weaving, smithy, pottery, carpentry, oil-pressing and leatherwork gave employment and supplementary income to large numbers of rural people. Under colonial rule, […]

Q. Examine the linkages between 19th centuries ‘Indian Renaissance’ and the emergence of national identity. उन्नीसवीं शताब्दी के ‘भारतीय पुनर्जागरण’ और राष्ट्रीय पहचान के मध्य सहलग्नताओं का परिक्षण कीजिए | [UPSC- GS, 2019] Ans: The 19th-century “Indian Renaissance” was a period of intellectual, religious, social and cultural revival that began in Bengal and spread to […]

Q. After 1857, “the peasants emerged as the main force in agrarian movements.” Critically examine. [UPSC- 2023] Ans: Before 1857, rural revolts were mostly led by displaced rajas, zamindars and religious leaders, with peasants as followers. After 1857, peasants increasingly fought on their own account against planters, zamindars, moneylenders and the colonial state. The statement […]

Q. Explain the British policy of ‘Subordinate union’ of Indian States with British India from 1858 to 1905. How did the Government of India implement this policy during this period. [UPSC- 1993] Ans: After the Revolt of 1857, British policy toward the Indian princely states changed fundamentally. Under Company rule, especially under Dalhousie, annexation through […]

Q. Trace the industrial growth of British India after the First World War. How did the Government’s tariff policy influence the growth? [UPSC- 1981] Ans: Before the First World War, India’s industrial base was narrow. It consisted mainly of cotton textiles (largely Indian-owned, centred in Bombay and Ahmedabad), jute (largely British-owned, centred in Bengal), coal […]

Q. “Anglo-Maratha War covering nearly nine years from the murder of Narayan Rao to the Treaty of Salbai emphatically discloses the vitality of the Maratha nation which had not been exhausted either by the disaster of Panipat or the death of their great Peshwa Madhavrao.” Comment. [UPSC- 1991] Ans: The First Anglo-Maratha War (1775–1782) grew […]

Q. Evaluate the policies of Lord Curzon and their long term implications on the national movement. लार्ड कर्जन की नीतियों एवं राष्ट्रीय आंदोलन पर उनके दूरगामी प्रभावों का मूल्यांकन कीजिए I [UPSC- GS, 2020] Ans: Lord Curzon was Viceroy of India from 1899 to 1905. He was one of the most capable, hardworking and reform-minded […]

Q. Mahatma Jotirao Phule’s writings and efforts of social reforms touched issues of almost all subaltern classes. Discuss. महात्मा जोतीराव फुले के समाज सुधार प्रयासों और लेखन ने समाज के लगभग सभी उपेक्षित तबकों की समस्याओं को छुआ है। चर्चा कीजिए। [UPSC- GS, 2025] Ans: Jotirao Govindrao Phule (1827–1890) was born into the Mali (gardener) […]