Complete topic wise material for History Optional

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Archaeological sources: Exploration, Excavation, Epigraphy, Numismatics and Monuments: Part I

Archaeological sources: Exploration, Excavation, Epigraphy, Numismatics and Monuments: Part II

Literary sources:

• Indigenous: Primary and secondary; poetry, scientific literature, literature, literature in regional languages, religious literature.
• Foreign accounts: Greek, Chinese and Arab writers: Part I
• Foreign accounts: Greek, Chinese and Arab writers: Part II- Accounts of Fa Hien, Hieun Tsang and I Tsing
• Foreign accounts: Greek, Chinese and Arab writers: Part III- Megasthenes’ Account
• Foreign accounts: Greek, Chinese and Arab writers: Part IV

Approaches to the study of early Indian history

Historiography of early Indians

Land ownership in Ancient India

Geographical factors

Hunting and gathering: Paleolithic

Hunting and gathering: Mesolithic

Mesolithic Rock Painting

Beginning of agriculture (Neolithic and Chalcolithic): Part I

Beginning of agriculture (Neolithic and Chalcolithic): Part II

Beginning of agriculture (Neolithic and Chalcolithic): Part III

Beginning of agriculture (Neolithic and Chalcolithic): Part IV

Beginning of agriculture (Neolithic and Chalcolithic): Part V

Chalcolithic pottery as a source of history

Indus Valley Civilization: Date and Extent

Indus Valley Civilisation: Origin

Indus Valley Civilization: characteristics and significance, art and architecture- Part I

Indus Valley Civilization: characteristics and significance, art and architecture- Part II

Harappan Subsistence Pattern

Harappan Religious and Funerary Beliefs

Harappan Trade

Harappan Political System

Harappan Script

Harappan seals and sealings as a source of  history

Decline and survival of Indus Valley Civilization

Megalithic Cultures: Distribution of pastoral and farming cultures outside the Indus, Development of community life, Settlements, Development of agriculture, Crafts, Pottery, and Iron industry.

Expansions of Aryans in India

Vedic Period:

• Religious and philosophic literature;
• Political, social and economical life; Transformation from Rig Vedic period to the later Vedic period; Significance of the Vedic Age; Evolution of Monarchy and Varna system.

Puranas as a source of history

Formation of States (Mahajanapada): Republics and monarchies

Rise of urban centres

Trade routes; Economic growth; Introduction of coinage

Spread of Jainism and Buddhism: Part I

Spread of Jainism and Buddhism: Part II

Spread of Jainism and Buddhism: Part III

Rise of Magadha and Nandas

Iranian and Macedonian invasions and their impact and Early Geek-Roman Accounts on India

Mauryan Empire: Foundation of the Mauryan Empire , Chandragupta, Kautilya and Arthashastra; Polity, Administration; Economy: Part I

Mauryan Empire: Foundation of the Mauryan Empire , Chandragupta, Kautilya and Arthashastra; Polity, Administration; Economy: Part II

Mauryan Empire: Ashoka; Concept of Dharma; Edicts; External contacts; Religion; Spread of religion; Literature: Part I

Mauryan Empire: Ashoka; Concept of Dharma; Edicts; External contacts; Religion; Spread of religion; Literature: Part II

Mauryan Empire: Art, architecture and sculpture

Mauryan Empire: Disintegration of the Empire

Sungas and Kanvas

Indo-Greeks, Sakas, Kushanas, Western Kshatrapas, Contact with outside world; growth of urban centres, economy, coinage: Part I

Indo-Greeks, Sakas, Kushanas, Western Kshatrapas, Contact with outside world; growth of urban centres, economy, coinage: Part II

Indo-Greeks, Sakas, Kushanas, Western Kshatrapas, Contact with outside world; growth of urban centres, economy, coinage: Part III

development of religions and Mahayana,

social conditions,

art, architecture, culture,

literature and science.

Kharavela

The Satavahanas: Part I

The Satavahanas: Part II

The Satavahanas: Part III

Tamil States of the Sangam Age;

Sangam Age – Economic Development

Sangam Age- Social Development

Sangam literature and culture;

Administration,

Economy, land grants, coinage, trade guilds and urban centres: Part I

Economy, land grants, coinage, trade guilds and urban centres: Part II

Buddhist centres;

Art and architecture.

Guptas: Polity and Administration- Part I

Guptas: Polity and Administration- Part II

Guptas: Society- Caste System, Position of women

Guptas: Economic conditions, Coinage of the Guptas, Land grants, Decline of urban centres, Indian feudalism- Part I

Guptas: Economic conditions, Coinage of the Guptas, Land grants, Decline of urban centres, Indian feudalism- Part II

Guptas: Economic conditions, Coinage of the Guptas, Land grants, Decline of urban centres, Indian feudalism- Part III

Guptas: Economic conditions, Coinage of the Guptas, Land grants, Decline of urban centres, Indian feudalism- Part IV

Guptas: Economic conditions, Coinage of the Guptas, Land grants, Decline of urban centres, Indian feudalism- Part V

Guptas: Education and educational institutions; Nalanda, Vikramshila and Vallabhi

Guptas: Literature, scientific literature- Part I

Guptas: Literature, scientific literature- Part II

Guptas: Literature, scientific literature- Part III

Guptas: Art and Architecture

Painting  during Gupta period

Ajanta Art

Vakatakas

Vardhanas

The Kadambas,

Pallavas,

Chalukyas of Badami;

Polity and Administration,

Trade guilds, Literature;

Growth of Vaishnava and Saiva religions; Tamil Bhakti movement,

Shankaracharya; Vedanta;

Institutions of temple and temple architecture;

Palas: Polity and administration

Rashtrakutas: Polity and administration

Senas, Paramaras, Polity and administration

Palas: Cultural aspects

Rashtrakutas: Cultural aspects

Arab conquest of Sind;

Alberuni- Part I,

Alberuni- Part II,

The Chalukyas of Kalyana,

Cholas: Polity and Administration;

Hoysalas, Pandyas: Polity and Administration;

local Government;

Growth of art and architecture: Cholas

Growth of art and architecture: Hoyasalas

Growth of art and architecture: Pandyas

Religious sects: Part I

Religious sects: Part II

Institution of temple and Mathas, Agraharas, education and literature,

economy and society.

Languages and texts,

Major stages in the evolution of art and architecture,

Mathura School of art, Gandhara School of Arts, Amaravati School of Art

Major philosophical thinkers and schools: The Systems of Indian Philosophy

Major philosophical thinkers and schools: Six Schools of Indian Philosophy

Major philosophical thinkers and schools: Ajivika and Charvaka School

Major philosophical thinkers and schools: Tantricism

Major philosophical thinkers and schools: Shaktism

Ideas in Science and Mathematics: Part I

Ideas in Science and Mathematics: Part II

Money lending in Ancient India

Slavery in Ancient India