Author: selfstudyhistory

Q. Explain the British policy of ‘Subordinate union’ of Indian States with British India from 1858 to 1905. How did the Government of India implement this policy during this period. [UPSC- 1993] Ans: After the Revolt of 1857, British policy toward the Indian princely states changed fundamentally. Under Company rule, especially under Dalhousie, annexation through […]

Q. Trace the industrial growth of British India after the First World War. How did the Government’s tariff policy influence the growth? [UPSC- 1981] Ans: Before the First World War, India’s industrial base was narrow. It consisted mainly of cotton textiles (largely Indian-owned, centred in Bombay and Ahmedabad), jute (largely British-owned, centred in Bengal), coal […]

Q. “Anglo-Maratha War covering nearly nine years from the murder of Narayan Rao to the Treaty of Salbai emphatically discloses the vitality of the Maratha nation which had not been exhausted either by the disaster of Panipat or the death of their great Peshwa Madhavrao.” Comment. [UPSC- 1991] Ans: The First Anglo-Maratha War (1775–1782) grew […]

Q. Evaluate the policies of Lord Curzon and their long term implications on the national movement. लार्ड कर्जन की नीतियों एवं राष्ट्रीय आंदोलन पर उनके दूरगामी प्रभावों का मूल्यांकन कीजिए I [UPSC- GS, 2020] Ans: Lord Curzon was Viceroy of India from 1899 to 1905. He was one of the most capable, hardworking and reform-minded […]

Q. Mahatma Jotirao Phule’s writings and efforts of social reforms touched issues of almost all subaltern classes. Discuss. महात्मा जोतीराव फुले के समाज सुधार प्रयासों और लेखन ने समाज के लगभग सभी उपेक्षित तबकों की समस्याओं को छुआ है। चर्चा कीजिए। [UPSC- GS, 2025] Ans: Jotirao Govindrao Phule (1827–1890) was born into the Mali (gardener) […]

Q. “Awakened political consciousness of Indian masses, bound with dishonourable and cowardly insults of the British led to the movement of Non-Cooperation.” Critically examine. [UPSC- 2023] Ans: The Non-Cooperation Movement (1920–22) was the first all-India mass movement led by Gandhi. It was launched formally at the special Calcutta session of the Congress (September 1920) and […]

Q. Describe the Mansabdari system of Akbar and examine its merits and demerits. अकबर की मनसबदारी प्रणाली का वरर्णन कीजिए तथा उसके गुणों एवं दोषों का परीक्षण कीजिए। [UPPSC- 2000] Ans: The mansabdari system was the backbone of Akbar’s administration and army. The term mansab means “rank” or “position,” and a mansabdar was a holder […]

Q. What efforts were made by Akbar to bring about national integration. How far was he successful? राष्ट्रीय एकता स्थापित करने के लिये अकबर ने क्या प्रयास किये? उसे इसमें कहाँ तक सफलता मिली? [UPPSC- 1996] Ans: The idea of “national integration” in the modern sense did not exist in the 16th century. However, Akbar […]

Q. Analyse the background of the Maratha movement in the seventeenth century. सत्रहंवीं शतावब्दी में मराठा आन्दोलन की पृष्ठभूमि का विश्लेषण कीजिए। [UPPSC- 2001] Ans: In the second half of the 17th century, the Marathas rose under Shivaji (1630–1680) from a group of local chiefs and soldiers in the service of the Deccan sultanates to […]

Q. Role of cash nexus in Mughal economy. Discuss. विवेचना कीजिए: मुगल अर्थव्यवस्था में मौद्रिक सम्बन्धों की भूमिका। [UPPSC- 2011] Ans: The term “cash nexus” refers to a situation in which economic relationships, such as payment of taxes, salaries, wages and trade, are increasingly mediated through money rather than through payments in kind, barter or […]