SELF STUDY HISTORY

Q. Discuss in detail the Indian impact on the Arabs in various fields. विभिन्न  क्षेत्रों में अरबों पर भारतीय प्रभाव का विस्तारपूर्वक वर्णन कीजिये। [UPPSC- 1998] Ans: India and Arabia were connected long before the rise of Islam through trade across the Arabian Sea and the Persian Gulf. Arab merchants carried Indian spices, textiles and […]

Q. Examine Critically the Deccan policy of Delhi Sultans. दिल्ली सुल्तानों की दक्षिण नीति का आलचनात्मक परीक्षण कीजिये। [UPPSC- 1994] Ans: The Deccan and the far south were the richest regions beyond the Sultanate’s northern core. They were ruled by four major Hindu kingdoms: the Yadavas of Devagiri the Kakatiyas of Warangal the Hoysalas of […]

Q. How far did the religious policy of the Delhi Sultanate affect the political stability? दिल्ली सत्तनत की धार्मिक नीति ने किस प्रकार राजनीतिक सुदृढता को प्रभावित किया? [UPPSC- 2010] Ans: The Delhi Sultanate (1206–1526) ruled over a predominantly non-Muslim population while its ruling elite was largely Muslim. Its rulers therefore had constantly to balance […]

Q. The political disintegration was responsible for the socio—economic decline in India during the 18th century.” Comment. [UPSC- 2017] Ans: Aurangzeb’s death in 1707 was followed by the rapid weakening of the Mughal Empire and the rise of regional powers such as Bengal, Awadh, Hyderabad, the Marathas, Mysore and the Sikhs. Older historians, notably Jadunath […]

Q. “The American Revolution was, in many respects, a manifestation of the Enlightenment in political, civil and ecclesiastical spheres.” Explain. [UPSC- 2025] Ans: The American Revolution (1775–1783) was deeply influenced by the intellectual currents of the European Enlightenment. Thinkers such as John Locke, Montesquieu, Voltaire and Rousseau challenged absolutism, hereditary privilege and religious intolerance and […]

Q. The British rule had differential impact on the Indian society. Describe in what ways the Indians responded to the Revolt of 1857. [UPSC- 2022] Ans: The Revolt of 1857 emerged from a combination of military grievances, political annexations, agrarian discontent, fears of social and religious interference and resentment against colonial rule. However, its spread […]

Q. “The UNO was created in the light of the experience of the ‘League of Nations’, but in spite of the mandate contained in the UNO constitution, its effective role in maintaining world peace had lacked cohesiveness and collective approach.” Examine. [UPSC- 2015] Ans: The United Nations Organisation (UNO) was established in 1945 after the […]

Q. “The French Revolution started and led to the victory in its first phase by the aristocracy.” Critically examine. [UPSC- 2025] Ans: The French Revolution of 1789 is generally associated with the bourgeoisie, urban masses and peasantry, yet its immediate political origins lay partly in a revolt of the privileged aristocracy against the Bourbon monarchy. […]

Q. “Globalization tends to benefit the privileged sections of society and further marginalized those who are already disadvantaged.” Critically examine. [UPSC- 2026] Ans: Globalization means the growing integration of economies and societies through trade, capital flows, technology, migration and culture. In India it gathered pace after the 1991 reforms. Its effects on inequality are much […]

Q. Underline the various factors for decline of the Indian cottage industries during the nineteenth century. [UPSC- 2026] Ans: India entered the nineteenth century with a highly developed tradition of handicrafts, textiles, metalwork, shipbuilding and artisanal production. However, under British colonial rule many of these cottage industries declined sharply. This process, often described as deindustrialisation, […]